Placing bones

Add

A bone is created by dragging on an object. And a child bone is created by dragging from the parent bone's tip.

Drag a mouse		A bone is displayed yellow when a mouse cursor is pointed on it. Drag it and create a new bone.

Delete

Delete a clicked bone.

X=0

Move a clicked point of a bone to X=0.

Move

Move a bone.
You can connect bones to each other if you click a right button on the control point of other bone while dragging a control point of a bone by a left button.
And you can select all bones from the clicked to ends together by Shift+Ctrl+click.

Rotate

Rotate a bone.

Fin

It sets fin's direction by rotating around Y axis on a local coordinate.
The fin's direction bases on Rotation limit. For example, when the limits are following values,

	Min	Max
X	0	90
Y	0	0
Z	0	0

a range to rotate the bone varies like the following image by rotating 180 degrees around Y axis on a local coordinate.

Before rotation		After rotation

Scale

Scale a bone.

Centering

A bone is created at the center of a front face and a back one when [Centering] is checked.

With [Centering]		Without [Centering]

Template

Standard Template

MMD is suitable for MikuMikuDance, and Humanoid is used for Unity Mecanim.
Please adjust size and position of bones to an object after putting a template.

Import

The bone structure is imported from the file.

Export

Current bone structure is exported to the file.

Display config.

Display bones

Switch to display or not bones.
Bones aren't displayed on 3D views if you don't check it.

Display bone names

When this item is checked, bone's names are displayed on 3D views.

Displayed bone width

You can set width of a bone displayed on 3D views.
The setting value is in the range from 1 to 20. Larger the value, width of a bone is thicker. The initial value is 10.

Weight Display

It is setting for display color of weight in [Paint] or [Anchor].

Multi Color

Weight values of all bone are displayed on skin objects. Weight color can be set in [Property] of [Bone list]. A part of an object with multiple bones is displayed gradation color.

Color map

Weight values of a selected bone are displayed on skin objects. The color is applied from selected color map in [Configuration > Display].
In default setting, larger weight value becomes red, and less weight value becomes blue.

Multi Color	Color map

Apply morph deformation

You can edit bone with keeping deformation of [Morph] if it is checked.
*It is supported in [Skinning] only.

Float a bone list.

[Bone list] is opened as a float window when this item id checked.

Skin setting

Bind a skin object to bone by [Skin setting] button after setting up bones.

Skinning

It set the method of deformation in the [Skinning] mode.

Liner	Dual quaternion

If you select dual quaternion, the thickness of an object is less likely changed when you move a joint of bones.

Effect bone limit #

Specify a maximum number of bones that affect each vertex. It is not limited if the check is off.

Normalize weights automatically

Adjust the sum of weights for bones to 100 when the weight is edited by [Paint].

In [Rigging] mode, you can add and adjust bones after binding skins.

After binding skins, newly added bone can be set weight automatically when you press [Skinning] button. If you don't select automatic setting, you need set weight by [Paint] or [Anchor].

Bone list

Switching Bone / Node

List format switches to [Bone] or [Node].
When the format is node, a color of node on bone's tip is displayed as a box without fill.

Bone	Node

When you output the file in the PMD format, name of bones complies with [Node].

Right-click menu

When you right-click the name of bone on list, you can open the menu.
You can set part of the item in [Bone Property] from this menu.

Move to the top of the same hierarchy

Selected bone on bone list is moved to the top in the same hierarchy.

Select bone4 and Move

List are sorted.

Add tip node bone

A node of selected bone's tip is replaced to a new bone for tip.

Right-click bone2, and click [add].		A new bone is added to the position of bone2_end.

Property

Change a setting of the selected bone. (See later description)

Copy

Copy selected bones.

Divide

Divide selected bones to any number.

Click and select a bone		Divide by two

Combine

Combine selected bones to one.

Shift+Click and select any bones		Combine to one

Mirror all

Symmetric bones are shown along a Y axis when this is checked. When an original bone is moved, the mirroring bone is also moved together. The mirroring bones can be added to the list as independent bones by [Freeze].

Delete

Delete a selected bone in list.

Delete all

Delete all bones in the list.

Bone Property

Settings of a bone selected in [Bone list] can be changed in [Property] dialog.

Bone list

You can change order of bones by up and down arrow buttons.

Information

Name

It is to set the name of the bone. If the bone is bone tip, you can set the name of the tip node.

Visible

If you unchecked it, the bone is not displayed on the 3D view.

Lock

If you checked it, Operation for the bone is disabled.

Mirror

If you checked it, mirror of the bone is displayed at the position of the Y-axis symmetry.
When you click [Freeze] in bone list, mirror of the bone is add to list as real bone.

Dummy

Ignore weights for the bone, and a movement of the bone does not affect a skin object.

Float root node

If you unchecked it, the root of the bone is fixed. You cannot move the bone in [Skinning] mode.

Tip node

If you checked it, a selected node is changed to a new bone for tip. But if a selected bone has child bone, this item is invalid.

Set bone3 to [Tip node]		bone3 is changed to a new bone for tip

When bone data for FBX format is imported to Metasequoia, the nodes of bone's tip is set this parameter.

Parent

Set a parent bone to it.

Weight Color

Change color of weight.

Rotation limit

Limit a rotation angle along each axis with the specified range.

IK

When a bone is moved after binding a skin, parent bones are moved together.
A number of hierarchy can be changed in the side number editor.

Set IK to a child bone

The bone is moved, a parent bone is moved together

Disconnect parent / child

The bone is disconnected from a parent or child bone.

Clear weight of all points

When checked it and press [OK], the weight that has been set for this bone is removed all.

Switching Standard / For PMD

When you select [For PMD], you can set properties for PMD format.

The following items can be set only in the [For PMD] mode.

Group

It is to classify the bone for each group.
When you click [Edit], a dialog to add a new group and to delete a group is opened.
*If you do not set up a group to the bone, when the PMD file is loaded in the MikuMikuDance, bone is not registered in the display frame.

Link

It is to set the link of bone. When the operation which is the linkage source bone, linked bone is operated in [Skinning] mode.
You can specify the interlocking rate for each operation [Move], [Rotate], [Scale].

Move the linkage source of bone		Linked bones move

IK

You can set [IK name] and [IK end name] for PMD.
By selecting [IK parent] in the list, when outputting the PMD file, the parent is set for the IK bone. If IK is applied to the specified bone, you can check [Treat destination's IK bone as IK parent]. When checking it, IK Bone for the specified bone is set to the parent.

*Notes for the PMD file export

In PMD format, single parent bone cannot have more than one child bone. (Dummy bones are excluded.) If there are multiple children bones at the same level, the weight is held only the bone located at the top on the bone list. Other children bones are treated as a dummy.

Deform by bones

Move

Move a bone by dragging a start point or an end point.

Select a bone		Move the end point

*An end point is selected when a bone is select at first. And click the bone one more time, a beginning point is selected. In this state, you can move the bone to the separated position from the parent bone by moving a handle. The separated bone can be restored by [Default].

Rotate

Rotate a selected bone on the beginning point.

Select a bone		Rotate by dragging a handle

Scale

Scale a selected bone by dragging.

Select a bone		Scale by dragging

*If you set Dual quaternion to [Skinning] in [Skin setting], [Scale] is disabled.

Default

Restore a selected bone to the pose at the time of binding a skin.

Default all

Restore all bones to the poses at the time of binding a skin.

Save pose

Save a current pose. 3 poses can be stored.

Load pose

Load a saved pose.

Apply deformation

Add a deformed object of a current pose as a new object.

Paint

Select

Select a bone.
You can also switch selected bone by Ctrl+click in other modes.

Point

Select a vertex in a skin object, and input a weight by number.

Brush

Adjust weights by dragging on a skin object. You can select brush mode, weight value, strength and size.

Original		Drag by [Mix] brush

Picker

A weight value of the clicked vertex is applied to the brush setting.

Normalize weights

The sum of the weight values will be corrected to 100 when the weight is set to one vertex from the multiple bones.
*This button is displayed when [Effect bone limit #] is set or [Normalize weights automatically] is not checked in [Skin setting].

Reset

Restore weight in vertices with selected bone to the initial value.

Reset all

Restore weight in all vertices to the initial values.

Anchor

If weight assigned by auto setting is not suitable, you can set weight to skins again by [Anchor].

Closed region

In [Closed region], objects are set as anchor to each bone. You adjust shape and position, size of them, and click [Apply weight] button. The inside of anchor object is set as region of weight.

Move / Rotate / Scale

It edit vertices of anchor objects.
You can select multiple vertices by click with pressing shift key.
And, you can select an anchor object by click a bone with pressing Ctrl key.

Click and select a vertex		Drag and move

Click a bone with pressing Ctrl key		Drag and move an anchor object

Default

To initialize the anchor of the selected bone.

Default all

To initialize anchors of all bones.

Target bone

When [All] is selected, anchors of all bones are displayed on 3D view. If you select [select], an anchor of a selected bone are displayed only.

Highlight inside vertices

Vertices in the anchor of selected bone is highlighted when you checked this item.

Export

It create a new object and export each anchor to child objects. Exported objects can be edited by edit command.

Import

It import the object with same name as bone to an anchor.

Apply weight

When you click [Apply weight] button, the set weight is applied. If you don't click this button, the setting is not applied.

Ellipsoid

Move

Moving a ellipsoid of selected bone.

Select the bone		Drag to move

Rotate

Rotating a ellipsoid of selected bone.

Select the bone		Drag handle to rotate

Scale

Scaling size of a ellipsoid of selected bone.

Select the bone		Drag to scale

Strength

A red ellipsoid on the inside represents the strength of influence of bones.
If multiple ellipsoids overlap, weight of bones is automatically assigned to the vertex. The total is 100. When assigned, the stronger bone of the influence is a priority.
In [Strength], adjusting the strength of influence of bones by dragging.

Left bone is stronger	Right bone is stronger

Width

To extend and retract the width of a ellipsoid of selected bone.

Select the bone		Drag to extend the width

Default

To initialize the sphere of the selected bone.

Default all

To initialize the spheres of all bones.

Target

If you selected [All], setting spheres apply to all bones. [Select], a setting sphere applies to selected bone only.

Preview

If you checked it, the result of setting spheres is displayed as real-time preview.

Interpolation

If you checked it, vertex outside the range of the sphere is set automatic interpolation.

Without interpolation	With interpolation

Apply weight

When you click [Apply weight] button, the set weight is applied. If you don't click this button, the setting is not applied.

Copy

Copy

Copy weight of bones of the selected object to vertices at the symmetrical position with X/Y/Z axis.
The direction copying can be selected [Positive to negative] or [Negative to positive] of axis.

Setting weight to only right		Copying weight with [Positive to negative] of [X] axis

Transcript

Copy weight of the selected object to other object.

Set weight to left object		Transcribe it to right object

Export

Export your setting of weight to a file.

Import

Import weight from a exported file.
Even if positions of bones or vertices are different, weight values are set to vertices with bones has the same name as far as possible.